Many times the issue concerning mercy Essay Example

Many times the issue concerning mercy Essay Many times the issue concerning mercy killing is brought up within the Christian church. This is often a hard topic to be decisive on. This act of mercy killing is often referred to as Euthanasia. Throughout my project I have brought arguments for and against Euthanasia. Also I have inputted some of my own personal opinions. In addition to that I have personal opinions from other people. Furthermore anecdotal evidence has been given within this project.Several points have been made concerning this issue and all have been based from a Christian perspective. There are several bible texts to justify my point or opinion. As the debate about euthanasia appears all the time, even when it is not publicised, I took the decided to write my contemporary issue project on euthanasia. As an issue euthanasia insists not to die. The term Euthanasia, is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary bringing about of this, especially in the case of incurable and painful disease, comes from the Greek word euthanatos meaning a gentle and easy death. Initially euthanasia was called mercy killing which means the act of purposely making or helping someone die, instead of allowing the person to die naturally. There are different names given to different methods of euthanasia.Euthanasia can be passive, voluntary or positive. Passive euthanasia is where nothing is done to prevent death, allowing the person to die, which could have been delayed. Voluntary euthanasia is where a request is asked either by the patient of the legal representative. Positive euthanasia involves taking deliberate action to cause a persons death.There is debate as to whether there is really any difference between positive and passive euthanasia. When there is a removal of life-supports, or passive euthanasia, is to be seen as a contrast from active euthanasia, which is defined as doing something to terminate life. On the other hand, for many ethicists, passive euthanasia has become a weasel term which is seen only to deny responsibility and perhaps to clear the medical staff and the doctor from any accusations of having done something to cause the patients death.The debate about euthanasia props up all the time, even when it is not announced, it is still happening secretly all the time. I am going to look at the medical, religious, financial, social, political views to euthanasia.Euthanasia, at the moment is illegal throughout the world apart from in the State of Oregon in USA, where there is a law specifically allowing doctors to prescribe lethal drugs for the purpose of euthanasia. In the Netherlands it is practised widely, although, in fact, it remains illegal.History of EuthanasiaThis following extract was taken from Encarta encyclopaedia:Euthanasia has been accepted both legally and morally in various forms in many societies. In ancient Greece and Rome it was permissible in some situations to help others die. For example, the Greek writer Plutarch mentioned that in Sparta infanticide wa s practised on children who lacked health and vigour. Both Socrates and Plato sanctioned forms of euthanasia in certain cases. Voluntary euthanasia for the elderly was an approved custom in several ancient societies.With the rise of organized religion, euthanasia became morally and ethically abhorrent. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all hold human life sacred and condemn euthanasia in any form.Following traditional religious principles, Western laws have generally considered the act of helping someone to die a form of homicide subject to legal sanctions. Even a passive withholding of help to prevent death has frequently been severely punished. Euthanasia, however, is thought to occur secretly in all societies, including those in which it is held to be immoral and illegal.This was the information I researched on Euthanasias History.Should it be it accepted Within Our Society? Then be legalised.The social aspect to euthanasia I feel is the most common aspect to this issue. Commonly euthanasia within a society is portrayed as okay and the right thing to do. But there are people who have their own opinion and view on this subject. I came across certain circumstances that society thought it would be right to perform euthanasia and they were:People who are elderly and suffering from the effects of ageing; they may feel that they have become a burden to their families or to society in terms of commitment, time and energy.A person paralysed after an accident and confined to a wheel-chair or bed (such a condition is known as quadriplegia and people in that condition are called quadriplegic) may consider that, their quality of life has been reduced and they may not want to continue living.Anybody whos had a family member with cancer or any other long-term disease knows that it is a real challenge to the mind as well as the body. Nowadays people begin to say, Thats enough instead of thinking, how can we cut off the treatment, relieve more of the pain or bring in some s ocial services? People have gone to what seems easiest option euthanasia. The improvement of technologies to prolong life of people to control dying can cause more and agonising pain. Over many years the public opinion has gradually moved to accepting the right of terminally ill persons to get assisted when it comes to death. Society has accepted the euthanasia as the right thing to do. Many people foresee it as the easy way out and feel that no pain will be endured this way. But on the other hand there have been cases were people have been diagnosed as terminally ill and make a miraculous recovery.Numerous cases have been brought to the worlds attention of certain situations where terminally ill patients ask their own friend or relative to assist them in dying. I have never been in that situation but I know that I would never kill a friend of mine, I wouldnt want to be left with the thought What if they could have recovered? and my conscience couldnt take it. But on the other hand people have been in the situation and felt that was the right thing to do. They feel sorry for their friend or relative and couldnt bear to see them in a sick bed for their duration of life left.Euthanasia has become so accepted within society to the point where people are physically doing it their selves instead of a going through a medical procedure. All are emotionally laden questions. Discussions about euthanasia often get end up in a lot of emotional allegations, such as charges that most vulnerable humans are pressured by people who practices euthanasia and that families must fight anti-life assaults on their loved ones which threaten the lives of those who are medically vulnerable.The main groups that argue the case against euthanasia are* The religious groups.* Groups who are supporting disabled people, and will dread that euthanasia is the first action towards a society that will kill disabled people against their will.* Medical associations whose members are dedicated to s aving and extending life, and feel uncomfortable helping people end their livesWithin society a lot of people assume that if voluntary euthanasia were to be legalised, society would soon allow involuntary euthanasia. If we changed the law to allow a person to help someone die, suppose this became true then the idea that society has is that, we would not be able to control it. People may feel to take it under there self to perform they think is euthanasia and may be even being suicide and euthanasia used as an excuse for death. Which will result in the death rate increasing dramatically within the community.The organisations that support the legalisation of voluntary euthanasia were set up in Britain in 1935 and in the United States in 1938. Throughout their battle for legalisation they have accumulated some public support, but have so far been unable to achieve their goal in Britain or the United States. Throughout the past few decades, Western laws that are against passive and volu ntary euthanasia have gradually been eased, although serious moral and legal questions still exist.Euthanasia is not legal within the UK, but many people want that to be modified so that it is legalised. There is a campaign united with many people who call themselves The Voluntary Euthanasia Society (EXIT) who believes that many people would be grateful of the mercy of a painless death. Nevertheless, if euthanasia were to be legalised within our society then that may result in the death rates dramatically increasing, as already mentioned and also the elderly may feel under pressure to end their life, even if they dont want to. The severe concern about the issue of legalising euthanasia is the right to die may become a duty to die. There is a fear of elderly patients being pressured by friends, family, the government or social workers to choose euthanasia, yet that choice may not agreement with their personal values. My way of seeing this situation is that it will get to the point wh ere, those people the terminally ill patient would usually look for to for would turn on them to a certain extent. The people they seek for support and strength, will then become a foe looking, waiting for the person to die for the sake of money, inheritance, weariness, or other reasons, to terminate the life of the person.Within society we will always find selfish relatives who would rather have a terminally ill relative die sooner than later. If that were the case the law states, people like this will have to convince physicians and perhaps also hospital personnel that the patients life should not be ended because of greed or some other malicious reason, but rather because of the excruciating pain from the disease. To seek to pressure the terminally ill elder to ask for assistance in dying would be to aid and abet a suicide, which is punishable by law and which will remain a crime even after euthanasia laws are passed.In conclusion, euthanasia is within society is a questioned if its a alternative or easy way out. Some people may argue its a of choice empowering people to have control over their own bodies. The only legally right alternative to euthanasia is to remain alive, sometimes in excessive pain, until their body finally collapses. Otherwise if u live in Colombia, Japan, the Netherlands or the state of Oregon euthanasia can be performed legally.Christians AspectThere are three main arguments offered by Christians, and those of other faiths, that advise against an individual seeking euthanasia, for whatever reason.Life is a gift from God, and that each individual [is] its steward. Thus, only God can start a life, and only God should be allowed to end one. An individual who commits suicide is committing sin.Your Body is a Temple of the Holy Spirit Life is seen as a sacred gift and we dont have the right when to decide when to end it.God does not send us any experience that we cannot handle. God supports people in suffering. To actively seek an end to on es life would represent a lack of trust in Gods promise.These points above made above are the main concepts to the Christians argument arguing against euthanasia.Modern medicine has been accused of playing God by keeping alive those who would, without technological support, die. It is at this point that sanctity of life doctrine clashes with quality of life experiences. Arguments claiming theological merit in suffering may encourage some to choose not to accept euthanasia, but the theology of one group cannot be sanctioned as acceptable for all.Majority of religions object against the act of Euthanasia, Christianity is one in many that disapproves it according to the belief human beings have a special place in Gods heart, eyes and in his creation.For you created my inmost being; you knit me together in my mothers womb Psalm 139:13Christianity does offer an alternative to euthanasia, which is the Hospice movement. The good-hearted care hospice offers to give to the patients tender lo ving care. The three aims of hospices are:* To relieve pain.* To enable patients and families to face up to death.* To care for emotional needs of the relatives.A hospice offers care to the patients and their families at the most difficult stages in their lives. The hospice helps issue such as emotional pressure, physical issues, psychological concerns, and their spiritual lives. This help is given to the family of the terminally ill person and the person who is also ill. The hospice helps the family and friends accept the fact that their loved one has a disease that cannot be overcome. Furthermore the fact that the life of the patient will probably end within a short period of time, however the hospice provides a care for the patient and supportive care for the family. Within the hospice there is no attempt made to prolong life and no medications are provided to fight the disease. Pain control and patient comfort are primary. Hospices are in operation through a 24-hour period seven days a week. Although not all the hospices have the same quality of care and it may vary, but nevertheless the outcome is the enhancement of the significance of the life of the terminally ill elder and the easing of stress among care-givers that also helps the dying patient. A primary responsibility is to honour God while we live. Contemporary arguments for the right to assistance to commit suicide are based on ideas of each individuals autonomy over his or her life. Christians cannot claim such an independence Christians acknowledge that they belong to God. Therefore, a decision for someone to take their own life is to be in denial that one belongs to God.In addition to the point just raised is that God does not abandon people in times of suffering. Christians show their faith in Gods love by trusting in Gods concerns for them. A decision to end their life would appear to be a cessation of that trust. The pain of the ill patient may seem unbearable, life might seem no longer worth living and the suffering may appear beyond unbearable. But suffering calls upon people to trust God even in the valley of the shadow of death. This pain and torment calls on people to let God, and not suffering, take their own life to result in their death.One of the most common excuses offered for physician-assisted suicide is the stated desire that I never want to become a burden to my family. Yet, the care given to the sick by those who love them that makes suffering possible to tolerate. A persons willingness to endure his or her suffering is an expression of their trust in God. It is also an expression of trust that those who love them will care for them even in difficult times. Christians usually have a willingness to go on even in the midst of suffering that is if their faith in God is resolute.There isnt a Christian reply that will speak for everyone but concerning whether people should be allowed to take their own lives. However, many Christians would use these three moral s to this issue:* Human life is a gift from God; it is sacred and has dignity.* Death is an event in life, not necessarily the end of life.* God does not present to us any situation that we cannot handle. God supports people in suffering. To actively seek an end to ones life would represent a lack of trust in Gods promise.Christians believe that the human body is intended to house the spirit. Most Christian churches believe that to abuse the body and the mind is destructive and goes against Gods purpose for his children.The Bible says that we were created in the image of God and given the gift of life, many Christians believe that we do not have the right to interfere with when life ends, or to prevent the beginning of a new life.Exodus 20:13You shall not murderThe scripture of 1 Corinthians 6:19-20 says:Dont you know that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit, who lives in you and was given to you by God? You do not belong to yourself, for God bought you with a high price. So you must honour God with your body.If you live in a building that was owned by someone else, you try to live by the owners rules, right? Christians believe that our body belongs to God, so you should do as He asks and thats not to kill anyone including ourselves. The passage above shows that God lives within every single one of us. Christians understand life as a scared gift, and so many Christians see euthanasia as wrong.Roman Catholics are the most strongly opposed to euthanasia. They believe that anything which intentionally causes death is a grave violation of the law of God.But on the other hand people may argue:* At times a terminal illness is so painful that it causes life to be an unbearable burden; death can represent a relief of intolerable pain.* Each person has freedom over his or her own life. Persons whose quality of life is non-existent should have the right to decide to commit suicide, and to seek assistance if necessary.According to Christian teaching, suffering esp ecially suffering during the last moments of life, has a special place in Gods saving plan it is in truth a sharing in Christs passion and a union with the redeeming sacrifice which He offered in obedience to the Fathers will. Therefore a non-Christian must not be surprised if some Christians prefer to cut down on their use of painkillers, in order to accept voluntarily at least a part of their sufferings and thus associate themselves in a conscious way with the sufferings of Christ crucified (Mt. 27:32). Christian morals do suggest for the majority of sick people to use medicines capable of relieving or suppressing pain, even though these may cause secondary effect semi-consciousness and reduced lucidity.A question that appears between politics often is whether individuals should be allowed to choose suicide, or whether they should be forced to follow the theological beliefs of the dominant religion.Life is a gift of God, and on the other hand death is inevitable, therefore, withou t in any way hurrying the time of our death, we should be able to accept it with full responsibility and dignity. It is true that death marks the end of our earthly existence, but at the same time it opens the door to immortal life. So everyone must prepare themselves for this event in the light of human values, and Christians even more so in the light of faith.What Should Doctors Do?Doctors face the hardest challenge on whether to accept the patients wishes to stop the use of life support machinery. Again the medical profession has been caught in between the of the government and religious groups against society. Government and religious groups as well as the medical profession come to an agreement that doctors are not binding to use extraordinary means to lengthen the life of a terminally ill person. What empowers extraordinary means is often left to the patients family to decide on what to do.As medical expertise and technology continue to spread throughout the world, moral, ethi cal, social, and legal health issues arise, each related, in one way or another, to the prolongation of life and to the ways in which many individuals, particularly the elderly, end their lives. Today, life can be held uncertainly by the use of machinery. Modern technological has advanced and things such as the use of respirators and artificial kidney machines, have made it achievable to keep people alive for long periods of time even when they are permanently brain damaged or unconscious. People, who believe in euthanasia, assume that prolonging life using a machine may cause great suffering to the patient and family. Furthermore, certain life-support systems are so expensive that the financial implications have to be considered.There are some cases, which occur when patients who have suffered severe brain damage and have entered a state of persistent vegetative, in which they are not unaware of their surroundings and are kept alive for years. The attempt made to prolong life has p roduced instances where terminally ill patients suffer horrific deaths despite efforts to control pain.People who are against the doctor-assisted death argue that, if doctors are given the right to assist in the ending of their patients lives, patients may end up not trusting their own doctors. They say that legalisation of doctor-assisted death would destroy the relationship between the physician and patient. I totally agree with that point and the euthanasia may be used as a shield to murder people in the future. Instead of the doctor being seen as a person fighting against diseases and saving lives. They will no longer be viewed as one dedicated to the fighting of disease and the preserving of life. By allowing doctors to perform euthanasia the doctor will have a second role as the one who causes death, which would cover up the doctors original role. Euthanasia must be decided on a patient choice and has to be reviewed by the doctor. They will only be permitted to become involved if invited to do so by the patient. If a doctor were to recommend euthanasia it could turn into a violation of physician responsibility which could result in suspension.Some opponents of euthanasia argue that the increasing success that doctors have had in transplanting human organs might lead to abuse of the practice of euthanasia. That is, they fear that doctors may violate the rights of the dying donor in order to help preserve the life of an organ recipient. This is one area where proper legal safeguards are clearly required.I have discovered that many doctors on their graduation take a Hippocratic oath that prescribes beneficence and specifically outlaws medically assisted death. It something along the lines of to please no one will I prescribe a deadly drug, nor give advice which may cause his death.Some people against euthanasia argue that the increasing success that doctors have had in the past about organ transplants might lead to abuse of the practice of euthanasia. They fear that doctors may bend the rules a little and the rights of the dying donor in order to help preserve the life of an organ recipient. This is one aspect where the restrictions and the law are enforced to the fullest. In this modern day patients in many countries are now entitled to decide on whether they want passive euthanasia; that is, to make free and informed choices to refuse life support. With regard to active euthanasia, in the Netherlands, long known for one of the most liberal euthanasia policies. . It has resulted in a greater emphasis on the patients responsibility, when the patients themselves carry out the final act, often by taking an overdose of drugs that have been prescribed by a doctor, in what is termed medically assisted suicide. This is aimed at relieving in part the emotional stress and moral burden experienced by doctors who assist in such cases.In conclusion, for those who work in the medical profession, they should neglect no means of making all their sk ill available to the sick and dying. But they should also remember how much more essential it is to assist them with the comfort of unlimited compassion and heartfelt charity. Such service to people is also service to Christ the Lord, who said: As you did it to one of the least of these my brethren, you did it to me (Mt. 25:40).ConclusionWhat concerns us in this issue is the freedom and empowering of an individual, most commonly the terminally ill patients, so that, in accordance with their beliefs, their values, their associations, and their commitments, they may feel free to choose the way they will die. Their choice must be an revised ad thought over thoroughly which rests on the physician sharing all aspects of the development of their illness or disease, the presentation of all alternative approaches to the termination of life, and the patients right to choose the way in which they will die.It is quite clear as life goes on the world will accumulate more terminally ill patients and the issue of euthanasia will become more of a concern. My suggestion and conclusion is that allow God, to take over the situation. If a certain person doesnt believe in God then, try to fight the disease with whatever God they worship or follow. Euthanasia shouldnt be accepted in my opinion and I see it as a easy way out of life.

The 5 Most Searched for Jobs in 2015

The 5 Most Searched for Jobs in 2015 Just as one man’s trash is another man’s treasure, so is one man’s undesirable job a keeper for another. But some jobs have more to offer than others. Google recently announced its list of most frequently searched for jobs in 2015. Let’s take a closer look at what contemporary job hunters are looking for and why. 5. NCAAThis one may seem like a bit of a surprise, but it makes sense when you break it down. After all, people love their sports. The NCAA - short for National Collegiate Athletic Association - is dedicated to supporting hundreds of thousands of student-athletes and safeguarding not only their well-being on the playing fields, but also throughout their lives.A quick glance at the NCAA website reveals a diversity of job openings - from accounting to scouting - both at the national office in Indiana and with college athletics programs all over the country.Despite the diversity in type of job, however, openings are few and far between, so intere sted qualified applicants should move quickly when appropriate jobs become available.4. DisneyIt may be a â€Å"small world, after all,† but The Walt Disney Company’s legacy is massive, its brand and products are unbeatable, and the company’s commitment to innovation, great location, and terrific benefits add up to an appealing corporate culture for many job seekers. In fact, some employees report that working for Disney is not so much a job as it is being part of a family. For this reason, the competition for jobs at Disney is stiff - both externally and internally.  Getting a Disney job is not impossible, though. After all, the company employs approximately 166,000 people in more than 40 countries working in a variety of positions ranging from arts to engineers.3. EngineeringThere are many reasons people seek engineering jobs, ranging from financial security to the challenging nature of the work. Engineering is a broad field with a massive spectrum of caree r opportunities, all of which offer the opportunity to help change and improve the world. Engineers also value the ability to work in a constantly changing field, and to be part of that momentum.And then there’s the matter of compensation. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the mean annual wage for an engineer is a whopping $96,350.2. WarehouseWith the rise of companies like Amazon and Costco, warehouse jobs are more plentiful than ever. While the work can be physical, many employees appreciate the sense of camaraderie and the busy nature of the job, as well as corporate efforts to promote safety, such as group stretches before the day’s laboring begins. Warehouse jobs are largely diverse, and include everything from industrial truck and tractor operators to store clerks and order fillers.Because entry level warehouse jobs don’t typically require a college degree, the door is open to more job seekers. Additionally, most employees report that there is p lenty of room for job advancement.1. GovernmentJob openings with the federal government are available within all 50 states as well as overseas. But why are these positions so coveted? Stability is one of the premier advantages of jobs in the government sector; in fact, government positions are largely considered to be among the country’s most secure jobs. Government jobs also come with many perks, holidays, and a low-stress environment which might not be found in the private sector.While government pay is tightly regulated, it reported to be comparable with what you might find in the business world. In other words, while a government job may not make you rich, it may well make you very comfortable.  And there’s good news for all of your government job hunters: according to the Office of Personnel Management, of the country’s 2.3 million federal civilian employees, a full quarter are eligible for retirement. Who will fill these spaces, given the lack of interna l candidates? External applicants just like you.One last thing to keep in mind. While more job hunters are looking for jobs in these areas, there’s no correlations between demand and openings. In fact, the three industries predicted to see the most growth in the coming years - retail, business services, and healthcare - didn’t make the cut among Google job searchers. So how do you gain an inside edge on the competition? Develop your skill set, understand what today’s employers are looking for, and be proactive in your job search.

Compare the Usability and Accessibility issues related to the use of Essay

Compare the Usability and Accessibility issues related to the use of multimedia in the areas of online broadcasting and museums. plus table comparisons - Essay Example For example; â€Å"people with low-bandwidth connection† and â€Å"new and infrequent web users† (Jim Thatcher, 2006, p 8). This essay will compare Usability and Accessibility issues related to the use of multimedia in the areas of museums, the ArtStart Kiosk at The National Gallery and British Museums COMPASS Database, and BBC Online Broadcasting. Multimedia guides, software applications, organization of links and information, graphics format and style, navigation systems, screen resolutions, interface, browsing facilities, interactivities, communication access and user applications are the points by which this paper will discuss. British Museum’s COMPASS (Collections Multimedia Public Access System) and National Gallery’s ArtStart Kiosk; are both database-driven multimedia guides to a selection the Museums’ paintings or objects. Both systems provide users with electronic catalogues of pictures on the application using multimedia touch screen. The technology museums’ system are user-friendly, such that visitors can use the technology even if they do not have previous experience of the collections by providing indexes as common terms and organized information. Organization comes in the form of links to collections of varied interests; virtual tours of groups of objects in familiar themes; objects of the month from the Home page and thousands of links between the objects and to background information. The textual links however could create confusion to the graphical image links at the menu page. This confusion is also brought by lack of site map facility. Instead of a full site map b rowsing facility, the user can browse specific areas such as browsing paintings by A-Z Artist and paintings title at the ArtStart Kiosk. With the BBC there is an alternative similar to a site map in which sitemap navigation is facilitated by A-Z

Assignment II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment II - Essay Example This happens in the situation of securitization. The quality of the collateral can therefore be a credit for investors who can securitize them as many times as they can. Credit enhancement is a technique aimed at reducing default or risk of default. This is done through processes such as prioritizing tranches. Credit risk causes all non-agency securities to engage in credit enhancement. Credit enhancement of securities requires additional support against defaults. Specific security rating agency determines the amount of credit enhancement needed based on specific rating. There are two general types of credit enhancement mechanisms namely external and internal credit enhancement mechanisms. Overcollateralization refers to a state in which the collateral value is more than the par value of the issued securities. For instance, if securities of par value $10 million is issued and at collateral carries a market value of $12 million during the time of issuance of the security, there will be an overcollateralization of $2 million. This process can also be used to absorb losses; hence it may act as an internal credit enhancement. Senior-Subordinate Structure enhances credit tranching while the subordinate bond classes support the senior bond classes in terms of credit. For example, bonds are classified into three classes namely A (Senior), B (Subordinate) and C (Subordinate) with par values of $90million, $8 million and $2 million respectively. Bonds A and B are both credit enhanced by class C. No, the correlation of default among pooled assets doesn’t need to be highly positive. A highly positive correlation +1 indicates that assets in a pool face the same level of risk. Therefore, if there is a default in one class of assets then there will be a high chance of default among other assets in the same pool. Assume that there is a pool of loans that have been securitized.

Build Your computer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Build Your computer - Assignment Example A faster processor augments the effectiveness and performance of the applications and operations. Chosen memory will synchronize at the MHz speed as enforced by the processor and chipset. Dual channel memory needs memory models to be assembled in pairs of matched speed, sizes, and technology. A computer system with a 64-bit OS such as Windows ® 7 can manage larger amounts of data than a 32-bit system. The above points make dell computers reliable and effective (DELL 1-2). The other reason I chose Dell is due to customer services offered. Dell ProSupport provides 90% customer satisfactions. The customers are provided with after sale services and also online assistance incase of any difficulties. The accessories have warranties thus attract customers. The cost of buying assorted components and building a dell computer is cheaper. Dell Company provides customers with the option of buying a new computer or builds a dell

Effects of Co-sleeping

Effects of Co-sleeping Con: Co-Sleeping; Angelica Sewake The research paper will examine the effects of co-sleeping. The definition of co-sleeping is, The standard custom in collectivist cultures, of having a child and parent share a bed (Belsky, 2010, 87). A collectivist culture pertains to, Societies that prize social harmony, obedience, and close family connectedness over independent achievement (87). In the United States the issue of practicing co-sleeping has become controversial (Field, 2007, 49). Opponents suggest potential increased risks of suffocation and sudden infant death syndrome which is often caused by co-sleeping (49).On the controversial topic of co-sleeping there are many negative factors to consider. These factors include, the physical safety of the infant and the future psychological affect the child will endure or respond in the long term. In May 1999, the Consumer Product Safety Commission released a warning against co-sleeping or putting babies to sleep on adult beds that were based on a study of death reports under the age of two who had died from 1980 to 1997 (Breazeale, 2001, 2). After the CPSC acknowledged these statistics and shared their findings with the public, it causedparents to be disturbed, rather than serve as a warning (3). The media also became involved in the spread of this alarming statistic and refrained from telling the public2, 700 infants that died from this study died from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (2). Co-sleeping with an infant is hazardous to an infants life while both care giver and child are asleep. Co-sleeping can cause Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) which, Refers to unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant, often while sleeping (Belsky, 2010, 88). Researchers shared statistics of the ratio of infant fatality in the United States; which is 1 to every 1,000 babies (88). The ratio given is large, however, Sudden Death Infant Syndrome is a top-ranking cause of infant mortality in the United States (88). This statistic also shows the ratio of collectivist famalies who participate in this practice of co-sleeping with their infants. Studies also have shown the risk of co-sleeping with an infant increases the chances of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome when an infant is at the age of 12 to 18 months old (Alms, 2007, 1385). Also to consider involving the infants safety when co-sleeping is to take pre cautions and awareness of the higher possibility of the child being suffoca ted or injured physically accidentally by his or her caregiver (1385). Another effect of co-sleeping is having an infant nurtured into becoming a reactive co-sleeper (Field, 2007, 50). In contrast, over the long term, co-sleeping infants may have more trouble sleeping (50). Studies cited by Field prove that Reactive co-sleepers had more frequent night-wakings (50). These findings lead to nurturing the infant into a child having a change in the development of personality and character traits (50).The first trait of change in an infant will have a need for an object as security (Hayes Etal, 1996, 355). The security object may function as a night time human tactile contact (355). According to Field co-sleeping is a collectivist, putting emphasis on family closeness and dependance; but co-sleeping causes the opposite as an infant grows into child hood, puberty, and eventually into adulthood (50).However, early co-sleeping children were more self-reliant and exhibited more social independence (50). Therefore, if a collectivist cultural family reinforces co-s leeping, they also reinforce the independence of a child. In conclusion researches and studies prove there are many pre cautions and dangers to consider when a caregiver and parent decided to practice the method of co-sleeping with their infant. As a recap to the many negative possibilities to remember and consider is: co-sleeping is the underlying cause of Sudden Death Infant Syndrome, co-sleeping may lead to suffocation or an increase risk of caregiver physically injuring the infant, and the psychological effects that may cause the character or personality of the infant as he or she develops to be unacceptable. Works Cited Alms, Bernt. To co-sleep or not to sleep?. Acta Paediatrica 96.10 (2007): 1385-1386. Belsky, Janet. Experiencing the Life Span. Second Ed. Worth Publishers, 2010. 87-88. Breazeale, Tami. Attachment Parenting: A Practical Apporach for the Reduction of Attachment Disorders Promotion of Emotionally Secure Children. Bethel College, 2001. 2-3. Field, Tiffany. The Amazing Infant. Blackwell Publishing Co., 49-50. Hayes, Marie J., Shawn M. Roberts, and Rebecca Stowe. Early Childhood Co-Sleeping: Parent-Child and Parent-Infant Nighttime Interactions. Infant Mental Health Journal 17.4 (1996): 348-357

The Role of Alcohol in Fitzgeralds Tender is the Night Essays

The Role of Alcohol in Tender is the Night      Ã‚   All of the main characters in Tender is the Night are wealthy enough that they can lead a life of leisure. One of the main activities of this lifestyle is drinking. Drunkenness causes and is the result of many negative things that happen to the characters. This is evidenced the most by the actions of Abe North and Dick Diver. The first time we meet Dick Diver in Fitzgerald's Tender is the Night he is "going from umbrella to umbrella carrying a bottle and little glasses in his hands"(Fitzgerald, 11). From that point on there is alcohol involved in almost every scene.    The first time that alcohol played a major role was in the duel between Tommy Barban and Mr. McKisco. McKisco was drunk when he challenged Tommy to the duel. He was also drunk when the duel went on. Both shots missed and the duel was over, but the role of alcohol had made its impression.    Abe North was the first character to be portrayed as an alcoholic. Rosemaary noticed that "his eyes were bloodshot form sun and wine"(Fitzgerald, 60) and that "he was always stopping in places to get a drink"(Fitzgerald, 60). He repeatedly missed the boat back to America and as a result of his drinking habits a dead Negro appeared in Rosemary's bedroom. Abe North eventually died in a fight at a speakeasy. Drinking caused his entire downfall. There really was not much background given on Abe that would give the reasons that he drank. His career was not very successful, but it really could not be determined which came first, his drinking or his lack of success.    Rosemary had her first drink with the Divers and the Norths. She did this because she thought it would somehow bring her closer to the group. She... ...He no longer practiced medicine and he was not helping Nicole get any better. His drinking went on to cause him further unhappiness by making things with Nicole even worse, and was the reason that he lost both his social standing and his career.    Alcohol had some effect on all the characters in Tender is the Night either directly or through a loved one. It was the cause of the ruin of two of the main characters. Drinking played a very important role in many of the events that took place.    Works Cited and Consulted: Bruccoli, Matthew J. and Judith S. Baughman. Reader's Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tender Is the Night. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1996. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender is the Night. New York: Collier Books. 1982. Stern, Milton R. Tender Is the Night: The Broken Universe. New York: Twayne, 1994.

Sport as Solvation to Reduce Stress

Stress is generally known as a reaction, or a natural system defender. In mostly recognized situations, stress can be annoying, disturbing, and the detach from activity. Most of our generation tends to work, and the same amount works in the service industry. We do not however realize how much, or how long per week we should work. Usually the working hours combines between 35hpw and 45hpw, but in many cases this is the rule which just the contract contains. The general definition is â€Å" working longer means earning more†, so people do, and reach absolutely records of â€Å"long hours „of work such as 60/70hours per week. In return we collect few more coins, and extremely high level of stress, which reflexes at our homes, and on our health condition. This is just a little step forward to achieve mental disaster, to ruin home stabilization, or simply get a heart attack. Do we want this? To keep ourselves up and running, we could set our day with some sport activity, which in my opinion is the best solution for any kind of stress. First of all, it will drug as out from the habit being at work, at home and work again, so look around you neighborhood to find a swimming pool or gym. Then join it and try to get there for at least twice a week at beginning. No one sais to lift the heaviest weights, but analogically you will find it relaxing. Exactly the same with swimming pool or any other kinds of sport such as running. Do not try to overwork and the result will be guaranteed. You start to sleep better, your concentration will improve, and after sometime you want be able to leave without it. Its hard to break habits, but remember, nothing last for ever, and especially our health. There are money to earn, but no health. If you wish to end up as ailing in your early forties, forget about the sport activity and keep working as crazy, however you want appreciate the fact of earned money because you will spend them for medical treatment.

Operating Exposure Essay Example

Operating Exposure Essay Example Operating Exposure Paper Operating Exposure Paper Xian- Janssen Pharmaceutical (China) and the Euro INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Case Questions and Answers 1. How significant an impact do foreign exchange gains and losses have on corporate performance at XJP? What is your opinion of how they structure and manage their currency exposures? During 2003, the dramatic raise in the value of Euro against the dollar resulted in foreign exchange losses of Rmb 75 billion, out of which Rmb 60 billion were charged as 2003 cost of hedging. The year of 2003 proved to be fortunate for the XJP Company, housing fund adjustment and inventory valuation reversal recorded extraordinary gains of Rmb 70 billion. These gains had lessened the negative influence of the foreign exchange losses on the company’s net earnings resulting in a net increase of Rmb 10 billion. In 2004, The Company estimated the Euro to further appreciate relative to the US dollar. Estimated foreign exchange losses were Rmb 75 billion. Since the year 2004 is unlikely to be fortunate like 2003, the appreciation of the Euro is estimated to affect the profitability of the company and result in a reduction of 4. 6% in net earnings. I think XPY Company should consider getting raw material and finished products from suppliers, other than JJ, specifically who are based in countries where currencies are pegged to the US dollar. Moreover, the company should negotiate and discuss the possibility of setting lower internal transfer prices and applying centralized hedging practices where the parent company attempt to net transaction exposure of all its subsidiaries. . JJ has roughly 200 foreign subsidiaries worldwide. It has always pursued a highly decentralized organizational structure, in which the individual units are responsible for their own performance from the top to the bottom line of the income statement. How is this reflected in the situation XJP finds itself? Examining the case of XJP along with the losses generated from FX movements and hedging costs, decentralized organizational structure proved to be inefficient. In this example, granting XJP Company the full responsibility to manage currency risks and bear hedging costs negatively affected the company’s profitability. However, I still believe that the management of XJP Company should be given a room of freedom (decentralization) in other areas like deciding from where to import and with whom to deal. Moreover, the company should be given the opportunity to produce more than just generic products, to positions its differentiated products and to market them. 3. What is the relationship between actual spot exchange rate, the budgeted spot exchange rate, the forward rate, and the expectations for the Chinese subsidiary’s financial results by the U. S. parent company? Actual spot exchange rate is defined as rate of a foreign-exchange contract for immediate delivery. It’s basically the actual and current price of one currency in terms of the other. The budgeted spot exchange rate is estimated by the company to be the rate of a foreign-exchange contract for immediate delivery at a certain point of time. Normally, companies estimate or forecast the spot exchange rate to plan, budget and form expectations and strategic plans. This rate can be estimated by the company’s researchers, economists or third party consultants. The forward rate is the rate of a foreign-exchange contract for future delivery With regards to the case study of XJP Company, the forecasted or budgeted spot exchange rates proved to be deviating from the actual average forward rates. For example, in 2003, the company budgeted spot exchange rate (euro/Rmb) at 8. and since the expected import purchase was million 121 euros, the company estimated import purchases to be (8. 6 X million 121 euro), which is Rmb 1. 0406 billion. However, as the actual average forward rate of the euro reached 9. 22, the company’s actual cost of imports recorded Rmb 1. 11562 billion, resulting in Rmb 75. 020 million losses due to cost of hedging. With regard to 2004 budget figures, the company budgeted spot exchange rate (euro/R mb) at 9. 8 and since the expected import purchase was million 145 euros, the company estimated import purchases to be (9. X million 145 euro), which is Rmb 1. 42296 billion. However, as the actual average forward rate of the euro reached 10. 5, the company’s actual cost of imports recorded Rmb 1. 5246 billion, resulting in Rmb 101. 64 million losses due to cost of hedging. Analyzing the effect of the exchange rate movement and cost of hedging on the financial figures of XJP, JJ underestimated the significant role played by exchange rate movement and cost of hedging on the gross cost of product sold of its subsidiary. It’s obvious that the parent company had set the objective of 20% growth in earning without considering the high cost of hedging and foreign exchange losses. 4. If you were Paul Young, what would you do? The answer to this question depends on whether Paul wants to tradeoff risk for return, in other words, it depends on whether he is concerned about meeting JJ’s objective of achieving 20% growth rate. If he decided to fulfill the JJ’s objected growth rate, then he is advised not to hedge against foreign exchange movements. Under this situation, he will expose the company to a greater currency risk, while at the same time, he would be able to meet and fulfill the required growth rate by the parent company. On the other hand, if Paul decided to hedge XJP’s position and its gross cost of goods sold against currency risk, he would definitely fail to meet JJ’s expectations due to high cost of hedging, while at the same time, he will expose his company (XJP) to a much lower currency risk. In other words, if Paul happened to be a conservative manager, he will most probably favor hedging the company’s gross cost of products sold against currency movements, therefore, sacrificing high profit rates. However, if he happened to be an aggressive and risk taking manager, them he would choose to unhedge the company’s gross cost of products sold therefore, exposing XJP Company to a much greater currency risk.

Gays in the miitary essays

Gays in the miitary essays The subject of Gays in the military has been debated over many times by many people. When dealing with whether or not gays should be allowed in the military the simple question of, Do they want to be in the military?, must be answered. After this question is answered you The answer to the question, Do gays want to be in the military?, is an unquestioned yes. Gays would be proud and determined to protect this beautiful country in which we live. I personally am confused as to why there is even a question of whether or not gays should be allowed to protect and die for a country they love. I do understand however the question of where should they live, both in the field and at their home base. It is hard for a man or women to get undressed in front of someone of the same sex, that may be looking at them with different eyes. When I say different eyes I mean a man looking at a man and thinking wow hes cute, or a women looking at a women and thinking the same thing. It would be very awkward for non-gay soldiers to deal with this problem. Any political issue deals with people, and the gays in the military controversy is no different. Joe Steffan was kicked out of Annapolis one week before graduation after revealing he was gay. Alan Schindler was a gay man in the Navy. He was brutally murdered when some of his shipmates found out he was gay. Events like these can only be avoided by education and communication of what homosexuality is and how to deal with people who are homosexual. The segregation of gays and lesbians in the military should be limited to living quarters and that should be the extent of it. The following is the 1993 National Board Policy on lesbians and gays in the military; WHEREAS, President Clinton has taken the first steps toward ending discrimination against lesbians and gay men in the military; and WHEREAS, the response to this modest initiative has inclu...

Marketimg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketimg - Essay Example First, it helps the company to promote product awareness to the consumers and also position the company in the market. Second, marketing efforts can also help the organization to boost product sales. Third, marketing helps the company to build its reputation in the market. Without marketing efforts, a company cannot convey what services or product it is offering. Actually marketing is a huge area which covers various aspects of business from identification of need in the market to the after-sale services. Moreover, marketing efforts of a company help the people to recognize the product options available in the market and the features and qualities f the products. Therefore, marketing plays a very important role in the success of a company and its products and services. Three examples have been quoted here to explain how marketing concepts help the companies to operate in a particular market. IKEA is a prominent international player in the furniture industry. The company has been offe ring well designed, functional home and furnishing products to its customers for more than 60 years. The effective marketing strategies of IKEA have helped the company to develop a strong image in the markets where it is operating. The graph shows that the number of visitors to IKEA stores is expanding significantly. Company considers its every customer as a member of â€Å"IKEA Family†. The marketing function of the company has helped the company to establish an image in the market. Moreover, through marketing programs IKEA develops relationships with its customers for example; IKEA has recently introduced IKEA mobile content which is a marketing strategy through which company has developed a database of customers. Source: Batistia, 2009 These are the marketing efforts of a company which help the company to segment and target the market and position the product to reach the target audience. Red Bull was launched as an energy drink and today company is operating in many count ries across the world. Company heavily relied on â€Å"buzz marketing† or word-of-mouth to establish a strong image in the market. In order to position the energy drink, to attract customers and to increase the visibility of the product, the marketing strategies which the company adopted include sports marketing, even marketing, advertising, sales promotions and free sampling etc. By 2004, Red Bull was having 70 percent market shares of worldwide energy drinks market (Ny Mafia, 2008). Various competitors also tried to adopt the marketing strategies of Red Bull however; these tactics could not help the competitors. Therefore, even the taste of energy drink of Red Bull was not that very good however, these were the marketing efforts which communicated the purpose and features of energy drink. Various marketing efforts are pursued by companies to attract and retain customers. The following example of Lloyds Banking Group advocates however, marketing efforts help a company to pro vide information related to products and services to the customers of the company. The company is focusing on integrated marketing communication strategy to target its customers. In addition, the company also asks the people to join the network of the company through which company keeps on updating the customers via phone or email about the new products or services.

UPA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

UPA - Essay Example As the essay declares a theoretical framework guides research and clarifies what exactly is the purpose of the research. Even though the research question tends to be misleading as the article progresses the purpose of research becomes clear. This research was based on a preconceived notion that the triage is higher when UAPs handle the emergency department. This can produce unbiased results. This also implies that the theoretical framework on the nursing theory constantly guided the author in her research. Not knowing what the real framework can be a problem. The author has used a developmental framework. This paper stresses that while the introduction of the subject tends to be slightly confusing in the beginning the problem has been properly highlighted in the text later. The flow of the subject is efficiently handled. Current and proper references used and cited wherever necessary. The author is not trying to prove that her preconceived notions were correct. The actual results are quoted which revealed that contrary to belief the triage time taken by licensed nurses or by the UAPs did not differ. It convinces the reader to remove this myth from the mind that triage is faster when nurses handle it. Issues have been well argued and presented. References have been cited from various books on this subject. The author still suggests another ‘study to compare the educational level of the triage nurse†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ implying that this has not been covered so far. At times the author tends to contradict her own statements.